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- Le sultan Iskandar Muda (1583 ? - 27 décembre 1636, « Alexandre le Jeune » en malais, était le 12e souverain d'Aceh dans le nord de l'île de Sumatra en Indonésie. C'est sous son règne que le royaume atteint sa plus grande extension territoriale et devient l'État le plus puissant et le plus prospère de l'ouest de l'archipel indonésien. Sous Iskandar Muda, Aceh fait conquête sur conquête et devient un centre commercial et religieux de renommée internationale. (fr)
- Le sultan Iskandar Muda (1583 ? - 27 décembre 1636, « Alexandre le Jeune » en malais, était le 12e souverain d'Aceh dans le nord de l'île de Sumatra en Indonésie. C'est sous son règne que le royaume atteint sa plus grande extension territoriale et devient l'État le plus puissant et le plus prospère de l'ouest de l'archipel indonésien. Sous Iskandar Muda, Aceh fait conquête sur conquête et devient un centre commercial et religieux de renommée internationale. (fr)
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- One reason for Iskandar Muda’s success, in contrast to the weaker sultans who preceded and succeeded him, was his ability to suppress the Acehnese elite, known as the orang kaya . Through the royal monopoly on trade, he was able to keep them dependent on his favor. The orang kaya were forced to attend court where they could be supervised, and were prohibited from building independent houses, which could be used for military purposes or hold cannons. He sought to create a new nobility of “war leaders” , whom he gave districts in feudal tenure. After his reign, however, the elite often supported weaker sultans, in order to maintain their own autonomy. He also sought to replace the Acehnese princes with royal officials called panglima, who had to report annually and were subject to periodic appraisal. An elite palace guard was created, consisting of 3,000 women. He passed legal reforms which created a network of courts using Islamic jurisprudence. His system of law and administration became a model for other Islamic states in Indonesia. (fr)
- One reason for Iskandar Muda’s success, in contrast to the weaker sultans who preceded and succeeded him, was his ability to suppress the Acehnese elite, known as the orang kaya . Through the royal monopoly on trade, he was able to keep them dependent on his favor. The orang kaya were forced to attend court where they could be supervised, and were prohibited from building independent houses, which could be used for military purposes or hold cannons. He sought to create a new nobility of “war leaders” , whom he gave districts in feudal tenure. After his reign, however, the elite often supported weaker sultans, in order to maintain their own autonomy. He also sought to replace the Acehnese princes with royal officials called panglima, who had to report annually and were subject to periodic appraisal. An elite palace guard was created, consisting of 3,000 women. He passed legal reforms which created a network of courts using Islamic jurisprudence. His system of law and administration became a model for other Islamic states in Indonesia. (fr)
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- Le sultan Iskandar Muda (1583 ? - 27 décembre 1636, « Alexandre le Jeune » en malais, était le 12e souverain d'Aceh dans le nord de l'île de Sumatra en Indonésie. C'est sous son règne que le royaume atteint sa plus grande extension territoriale et devient l'État le plus puissant et le plus prospère de l'ouest de l'archipel indonésien. Sous Iskandar Muda, Aceh fait conquête sur conquête et devient un centre commercial et religieux de renommée internationale. (fr)
- Le sultan Iskandar Muda (1583 ? - 27 décembre 1636, « Alexandre le Jeune » en malais, était le 12e souverain d'Aceh dans le nord de l'île de Sumatra en Indonésie. C'est sous son règne que le royaume atteint sa plus grande extension territoriale et devient l'État le plus puissant et le plus prospère de l'ouest de l'archipel indonésien. Sous Iskandar Muda, Aceh fait conquête sur conquête et devient un centre commercial et religieux de renommée internationale. (fr)
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- Iskandar Muda (en)
- Iskandar Muda (fr)
- إسكندر مودا (ar)
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